Sulphur / Sulfur
SULPHUR (SULFUR) / LUMP SULPHUR / GRANULAR SULPHUR / POWDER SULFUR
Sulfur (S), also spelled Sulphur, Sulphur in indusial extract from gas base called is yellow sulphur or oil base called is yellow birth sulphur so after extract process by several type granular sulphur, crush lump Sulphur.Sulfur is a non-metallic, multivalent, and tasteless naturally occurring element. It is usually lemon yellowish in color and found in various mineral springs, water bodies, iron pyrites, gypsum, zinc blende, Epsom salts, barites, and other minerals and ores. Sulfate and sulfide minerals are the most available sources of sulfur on Earth. Apart from mining operations, sulfur is also produced as a byproduct during several chemical, crude oil, and petrochemical refining operations such as tar sands recovery, petroleum refining, coking and metallurgical plants, and heavy oil and natural gas processing. Sulfur is one of the most abundantly available natural elements found on Earth. It is an important nutrient for animals, human beings, and crops. It is one of the key basic chemicals that is widely used as a raw material in the chemical industry. It is used in the production of sulfuric acid, agriculture, rubber, as a derivative, which is further used in several industrial and chemical processes, especially in the production of phosphate fertilizers.
We, Pasargad Hakhamanesh Arshia.Co group, are a holding company with our offices located in various countries such as U.A.E., China, India, Australia and Iran.
We are predominantly specialized in supplying and exporting Sulphur (granular sulphur, lump sulphur) to all around the globe in which our related specific departments located in Iran are especially designated for all direct correspondence. It would be an honor for our company to provide you with high quality Iranian sulphur with competitive prices according to the following terms and conditions. Our sulphur is provided directly from NIOC ( National Iranian Oil Company) NIGC (National Iranian Gas Company) and is delivered in NIOC ( National Iranian Oil Company) NIGC (National Iranian Gas Company). The specifications of our Sulphur products are attached for your consideration.
We have personal yard in B.A ( MAIN PORT OF IRAN IN BANDAR ABBAS) for loading sulphur for loose in vessel and stuffing in container. It is our privilege to assure you of our infinite efforts to meet all your requirements. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any required further information. It would be our pleasure to correspond any of your requirements Moreover, please visit our website for full information about price sulphur our company alongside more details in regards to our products.
Sulfur is a non-metallic, multivalent, and tasteless naturally occurring element. It is usually lemon yellowish in color and found in various mineral springs, water bodies, iron pyrites, gypsum, zinc blende, Epsom salts, barites, and other minerals and ores. Sulfate and sulfide minerals are the most available sources of sulfur on Earth. Apart from mining operations, sulfur is also produced as a byproduct during several chemical, crude oil, and petrochemical refining operations such as tar sands recovery, petroleum refining, coking and metallurgical plants, and heavy oil and natural gas processing. Sulfur is one of the most abundantly available natural elements found on Earth. It is an important nutrient for animals, human beings, and crops. It is one of the key basic chemicals that is widely used as a raw material in the chemical industry. It is used in the production of sulfuric acid as a derivative, which is further used in several industrial and chemical processes, especially in the production of phosphate fertilizers.Sulfur is a non-metallic, multivalent, and tasteless naturally occurring element. It is usually lemon yellowish in color and found in various mineral springs, water bodies, iron pyrites, gypsum, zinc blende, Epsom salts, barites, and other minerals and ores. Sulfate and sulfide minerals are the most available sources of sulfur on Earth. Apart from mining operations, sulfur is also produced as a byproduct during several chemical, crude oil, and petrochemical refining operations such as tar sands recovery, petroleum refining, coking and metallurgical plants, and heavy oil and natural gas processing. Sulfur is one of the most abundantly available natural elements found on Earth. It is an important nutrient for animals, human beings, and crops. It is one of the key basic chemicals that is widely used as a raw material in the chemical industry. It is used in the production of sulfuric acid as a derivative, which is further used in several industrial and chemical processes, especially in the production of phosphate fertilizers.
It is our privilege to assure you of our infinite efforts to meet all your requirements. Please do not hesitate to contact us for any required further information. It would be our pleasure to correspond any of your requirements Moreover, please visit our website for full information about our company alongside more details in regards to our products.
Also, if interested, as a proof for all that was mentioned above, we are capable of providing you with all the related documents including all our previous shipments and business relations .
Looking forward to hearing from you soon and thank you for your attention in advance .
About Sulphur Recovery : Sulphur recovery is defined as the conversion of hydrogen sulfide to elemental sulphur. Hydrogen sulfide is one of the major by-products of processing high sulphur crude oils and natural gas. Increasing focus on regulations to reduce levels of sulphur in products and lower sulphur emissions has in turn resulted in increase in demand for deployment of sulphur recovery technologies
Basic information on elemental Sulfur
Elemental sulfur is a yellow solid substance that is not hazardous. Some sulfur compounds, however, do pose risks that must be handled appropriately. Accumulations of sulfur dust can be explosive if not managed properly. Loose sulfur and sulfur dust is flammable and, when burning, decomposes into sulfur dioxide (SO2). Sulfur dust suspended in air ignites easily, and can cause an explosion in confined areas. May be ignited by friction, static electricity, heat, sparks, or flames. Toxic gases will form upon combustion. Bulk/solid forms burn only at moderate rate, whereas dust burns with explosive violence.
Molten solid is a Yellow to reddish brown liquid at a temperature of about 140°C (284°F) with a characteristic rotten egg odor. Molten Sulfur can cause burns on contact. Sulfur burns with a blue flame that may be difficult to see in daylight, and produces toxic sulfur dioxide gas. Vapor space of container may contain TOXIC concentrations of Hydrogen Sulfide, which could be fatal if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) may be released as liquid sulfur cools and solidifies. Hydrogen sulfide may also be released from excessive heating, agitation, or from contact with acids or acid salts. Exposure to elemental sulfur may cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. The product is stable.
REMOVAL SULFUR FROM NATURAL GAS
Sulfur forms
Sulfur forms three hydrides: hydrogen sulfide (H2S) , hydrogen disulfide (H2S2), and hydrogen trisulfide (H2S3) ; Historically, hydrogen sulfide appeared first in the writing of the alchemists, but it was not until 1796 that Bertholet identified the gas which is evolved by the action of acid on metal sulfides, as reported earlier by Scheele in 1777. Hydrogen sulfide is an extremely poisonous, corrosive, colorless gas having a characterized offensive odor. The gas can be readily liquefied, is of limited industrial importance, and occurs frequently as an undesirable by-product.
Hydrogen sulfide is determined after being converted to the sulfide form. Only in special cases is the gas determined directly by specific methods. For this reason, only methods and approaches of its determination are described that deal directly with hydrogen sulfide.
1. Gravimetric Methods
Hydrogen sulfide can be determined after quantitative precipitation by weighing the insoluble metal sulfide.
2. Volumetric Methods
a) Oxidation methods: Iodometric procedures provide the most widely used methods for the volumetric determination of hydrogen sulfide.
b) Miscellaneous Titration Methods: Various complexometric titration methods for the determination of hydrogen sulfide are existed.
3. Spectrophotometric Methods
a) Ultraviolet
b) Colorimetric
c) Method For Color Development
d) Turbidimetric
4. Electrochemical Methods
5. Gas Chromatography
6. Miscellaneous Methods
In Crude Oil
Various type of non-hydrocarbon compounds occur in crude oil ad refinery streams. The most important are the organic sulfur , nitrogen and oxygen compounds. Trace of metallic compounds are also found in all crudes. The presence of these impurities is harmful and may cause problems to certain catalytic processes. Fuels having high sulfur an nitrogen levels cause pollution problems in addition to the corrosive nature of their oxidation products.
Sulfur in crude oil is mainly present in the form of organosulfur compounds. Hydrogen sulfur is the only important inorganic sulfur compound find in crude oil. Its presence however, is harmful because of its corrosive nature organosulfur compounds may generally be classified as acidic and non acidic. Acidic sulfur compounds are the thiols (mercaptans). Thiophene, sulfides and disulfides are examples of non-acidic sulfur compounds found in crude oil fractions.
Extensive research has been carried out to identify some sulfur compounds in a narrow light petroleum fraction.
Examples of some sulfur compounds from the two types:
Acidic sulfur compounds:
Metyl mercaptan
Phenyl mercaptan
Cyclohexyl thiol
Non-acidic sulfur compounds:
Dimethyl sulfide
Dimethyl disulfide
Thiocyclohexane
Thiophene
Benzothiophene
Sour crude contain a high percentage of hydrogen sulfide. Because many organic sulfur compounds are not thermally stable, hydrogen sulfide is often produced during crude processing. High-sulfur crude are less desirable because treating the different refinery streams for acidic.
Hydrogen sulfide increases production costs. Most sulfur compounds can be removed from petroleum streams through hydrotreatment processes, where hydrogen sulfide is produced and the corresponding hydrocarbon released. Hydrogen sulfide is then absorbed in a suitable absorbent and recovered as sulfur.
In Tail Gas
Recovery of elemental sulphur from acid gas was first performed via the Claus process over 100 years ago. With the sulphur content of crude oil and natural gas on the increase and tightening sulphur content in fuels, refiners and gas processors are pushed for additional sulphur recovery capacity. At the same time, environmental regulatory agencies of many countries continue to promulgate more stringent standards for sulphur emissions from oil, gas and chemical processing facilities. It is necessary to develop and implement reliable and cost effective technologies to cope with the changing requirements. In response to this trend, several new technologies are now emerging to comply with the most stringent regulations.
the Claus process has been the standard of the sulphur recovery industry When the claus conversion process was first introduction, it was considered to be a means of air pollution control capable of recovering up to about 97 % of the sulfur from acid gas stream that would otherwise be burned and vented to the atmosphere. However, as claus plant become more common, and air pollution control regulation become more stringent, the uncovered sulfur compounds in claus plant tail gas streams become the target of further regulation. As a result, many techniques were proposed and / or developed to increase the overall sulfur removal efficiency of sulfur recovery systems and thereby reduce the amount of sulfur escaping into the atmosphere.
Most of the claus plant tail gas treating processes that have achieved commercial status can be categorized into three basic types.
Sulphur use :
Dry Fertilizers Containing Sulfate
Single Superphosphate
Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate
Gypsum
Urea Ammonium Sulfate
Ammonium nitrate sulfate
Potassium Sulfate
Potassium Magnesium Sulfate
Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium Phosphate Sulfate
Sulfur Bentonite as nutrient
